معهد تيش مي

The question

You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

Number of jobs in four sectors of the US economy, 1960–2020 (millions). Open the picture to see it full size.

Sector	1960	1980	2000	2020
Manufacturing	15	20	17	13
Retail	6	10	15	16
Agriculture	6	3	3	2
Healthcare	2	5	11	16

How to use these answers

Write your own answer first (20 minutes, at least 150 words). Then read the three model answers below: each one has the same plan (introduction, overview, body paragraphs) and the same figures. What changes from band to band is the language: how precise the vocabulary is, how well the figures are compared, and how varied the sentences are.

Band	What makes the difference
5–6	Simple language, clear trends, accurate figures
6–7	More precise vocabulary, better comparisons, varied sentences
8–9	Natural, sophisticated language, a concise overview, strong synthesis

مثال— Model answer: Band 5–6

Introduction. The line graph illustrates the number of people employed in four different sectors of the US economy between 1960 and 2020. Overview. Overall, manufacturing had the highest number of employees at the beginning of the period, while healthcare experienced the most significant growth. In contrast, agriculture showed a gradual decline. Body 1. In 1960, approximately 15 million people worked in manufacturing, compared with around 6 million in retail and agriculture. Healthcare had the lowest figure, at just 2 million. Body 2. By 1980, manufacturing employment had increased to 20 million, making it the largest employment sector. Retail also rose from 6 million to 10 million. However, agriculture fell to approximately 3 million, while healthcare increased slightly to 5 million. Body 3. In 2000, manufacturing declined to 17 million, whereas retail continued to grow, reaching 15 million. Healthcare also experienced considerable growth, with approximately 11 million workers. By 2020, retail and healthcare had both reached around 16 million employees. Manufacturing fell to 13 million, while agriculture decreased further to just 2 million. Vocabulary to notice: illustrates, increased, rose, declined, reaching, decreased.

مثال— Model answer: Band 6–7

Introduction. The line graph compares the number of people employed in four sectors of the US economy, namely manufacturing, retail, agriculture and healthcare, over a 60-year period from 1960 to 2020. Overview. Overall, employment trends varied considerably across the four sectors. While manufacturing initially dominated the job market, its figures declined towards the end of the period. By contrast, retail and healthcare experienced substantial growth, whereas agriculture remained the smallest employment sector for most of the period. Body 1. In 1960, manufacturing employed approximately 15 million people, considerably more than retail and agriculture, both of which stood at around 6 million. Healthcare accounted for only 2 million jobs. Manufacturing subsequently peaked at 20 million in 1980, before falling gradually to 17 million in 2000 and 13 million in 2020. Body 2. Retail employment followed an upward trend throughout the period, increasing from 6 million in 1960 to 10 million in 1980. It then rose to 15 million in 2000, eventually reaching approximately 16 million by 2020. Body 3. Healthcare also recorded significant growth, rising from just 2 million employees in 1960 to 5 million in 1980. This figure more than doubled to 11 million in 2000 before reaching 16 million in the final year. In contrast, agriculture declined steadily, finishing at approximately 2 million. Vocabulary to notice: varied considerably, dominated, substantial growth, accounted for, peaked, upward trend, declined steadily.

مثال— Model answer: Band 8–9

Introduction. The line graph illustrates changes in the number of jobs, measured in millions, across four sectors of the US economy between 1960 and 2020. Overview. Overall, the employment landscape underwent considerable changes over the six decades. Manufacturing, which was initially the largest source of employment, experienced a downward trend after reaching its peak in 1980. Conversely, healthcare and retail expanded substantially, with both sectors recording approximately 16 million jobs by 2020. Agriculture, meanwhile, experienced a consistent decline. Body 1. Manufacturing employment stood at 15 million in 1960, rising significantly to a peak of 20 million in 1980. However, this upward trajectory was subsequently reversed, with the figure falling to 17 million in 2000 and declining further to approximately 13 million by the end of the period. Body 2. Retail followed an almost uninterrupted upward trend, increasing from 6 million jobs in 1960 to 10 million in 1980. Employment then climbed to 15 million in 2000, before reaching approximately 16 million in 2020. Healthcare demonstrated an even more remarkable expansion. Starting at just 2 million, its employment figure rose to 5 million in 1980, accelerated to 11 million in 2000 and eventually matched retail at 16 million. Body 3. In stark contrast, agriculture was the only sector to experience an overall decline, falling from approximately 6 million jobs in 1960 to just 2 million in 2020. Vocabulary to notice: employment landscape, downward trend, upward trajectory, subsequently reversed, uninterrupted, remarkable expansion, accelerated, in stark contrast.

نموذج Writing Task 1: الوظائف في أربعة قطاعات أمريكية، المستويات 5–6 و6–7 و8–9

The question

How to use these answers